ANTIBIOGRAM OF BACTERIAL ISOLATED FROM SEALED AND UNSEALED DRUGS
A RESEARCH PROJECT
ABSTRACT
The study on the isolation and antibiogram of bacterial isolated form sealed and unsealed drugs revealed total Bacteria count ranging form 1.2 X 107 to 11.5 X108cfu/g for unsealed and 1.5 X107 to 9.2 x 107cfu/g for sealed. The following bacterial isolates were identified these include Bacillus sp, klebsiellssp, staphylococcus sp Escherichia sp, Lactrbacillussp, proteussp and Citrobactersp, Micrococus sp. The isolate bacteria isolate were subject to seventeen (17) antibiotic sensitive testing which showed different zones of inhibition ranging from resistance. Partially sensitive and sensitive result.The isolation and resistance strains of identified bacterial isolated calls for proper and hygiene practices during drug manufacturing process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- i
Certification -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ii
Dedication -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- iii
Acknowledgement -- -- -- -- -- - -- iv-v
Abstract -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- vi
Table of content -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- vii-xi
1.0 Introduction -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1-3
1.1 Aims and Objective of The Study -- -- -- -- 3
1.2 Scope and Limitation of The Study -- -- -- -- 4
2.0 Literature Review-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5
2.1 Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5-7
2.2 Classifications Of Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- 7-9
2.3 Roles Of Drugs In Human metabolism -- -- -- 9
2.3.1 Alcohol -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10
2.3.2 Tobacco -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10-11
2.3.3 Marijuana -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 11
2.3.4 Ecstasy -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 11-12
2.3.5 Inhalant -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12
2.3.6 Cough Medicine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12-13
2.3.7 Metaphetamine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13
2.3.8 Amphetamine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13
2.3.9 Prescription Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13-14
2.4 Roughnol -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14-15
2.5 Composition Of Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- 15-18
2.5.1 Drugs Packaging -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18-20
2.5.1.1 Function of Drugs package -- -- -- -- 20-21
2.5.1.2 Categories of Drug packaging materials -- -- 21-22
2.5.1.3 Materials used for Drug packaging -- -- -- 22-23
2.5.1.4 Recent Packaging Technologies -- -- -- -- 23-24
2.5.2 Sealed Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24-26
2.5.3 Unsealed Drugs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 26-28
2.6 Factors Affecting Drug Efficacy -- -- -- -- 28-29
2.6.1 Loss of Active Ingredience -- -- -- -- -- 30
2.6.2 Loss of Vehicles -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30-31
2.6.3 Packaging -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 31-32
2.6.4 Contamination -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 32
2.6.5 Shelf Life -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 33
2.6.6 Excretion -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 34
2.7 Microorganisms Involved In Drug Spoilage -- -- -- 34-37
3.0 Materials And Methods-- -- -- -- -- -- 38
3.1 Materials -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 38-39
3.2 Methods -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40
3.2.1 Sample Collection -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40
3.2.2 Sterilization Of Materials -- -- -- -- -- 40-41
3.2.3 Preparation And Sterilization Of Media -- -- -- 41
3.2.4 Microbiological Analysis -- -- -- -- -- -- 41-42
3.2.4.1 Enumeration And Isolation Of Bacterial Isolates-- 42
3.2.4.2 PurificicationOf Bacterial Isolate -- -- -- 42
3.2.5 Preparation of bacterialAntibiogram -- -- -- -- 43
4.0 Result And Discussion -- -- -- -- -- -- 44
4.1 Result -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 44-51
4.2 Discussion -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- 52-56
5.0 Conclusion And Recommendation -- -- -- -- 57
5.1 Conclusion-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 57
5.3 Recommendation-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 57-58
Reference
Appendix
